How Long Should Your Dental Fillings Last?
By Steven A. Fishman, DDS, FADL, FICD
Dental filling materials have advanced considerably over the past 20 years. Today, there are many more options to consider when having a tooth filled. Understanding the pros and cons of each choice is essential for making an informed decision.
Traditional Filling Materials: Silver and Gold
In the past, dental fillings were limited to two materials: silver and gold. Silver fillings have been used for approximately 180 years. They consist of silver and mercury, and their composition has remained unchanged. Silver fillings are popular due to their ease of placement and cost- effectiveness. However, the mercury content raises concerns, and some countries have banned or limited their use. While silver fillings can last for over a decade, they often lead to tooth decay and weakening shortly after placement.
Gold fillings have also been a long-standing option, offering several advantages over silver. They do not contain mercury and are highly durable. Properly made gold fillings can strengthen restored teeth and last 20 years or more. However, they require more skill, time, and cost to place compared to silver fillings.
Modern Filling Materials: Composite and Porcelain
Over the past 25 years, there has been a growing demand for tooth-colored fillings. This demand has led to the development of composite and porcelain materials. These fillings use an adhesive process called bonding, creating a chemical-mechanical link between the tooth and the filling. This process is highly technical and requires strict adherence to protocols for long-lasting, decay- resistant fillings.
Composite Fillings
Composite fillings are made of small porcelain filler particles embedded in a plastic resin matrix. They come in various tooth colors, making them aesthetically pleasing. Although not as durable as other materials, they can last over a decade when used in low-stress areas of the mouth. Composite fillings are not prone to the decay and weakening issues associated with silver fillings.
Porcelain Fillings
Porcelain fillings, like gold, are fabricated outside the mouth and closely resemble tooth enamel in appearance and hardness. They are durable, often lasting 20 years or more, and provide an excellent aesthetic match to natural teeth. However, they require a high level of skill and technical expertise to place.
Choosing the Right Filling Material
The choice of filling material should be a collaborative decision between dentist and patient. Patients should feel empowered to ask about the rationale behind their dentist’s recommendations. Proper questioning can provide insight into the dentist’s experience, skill, and expertise. A trusting, long-term relationship between dentist and patient is crucial for ensuring the success of dental fillings.
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